Traces of platinum have been found in Ancient Egyptian jewelry, showing that it has been around for centuries (1), however, it really gained popularity from the 1900’s and has remained so ever since. Before the metal became popular in Western jewelry, diamonds were often mounted in silver, but by the Art Deco era, platinum was the most popular metal for displaying diamonds. It is harder than gold and less likely to break.
(1) Wikipedia
Below are some examples and price guides of Art Deco platinum items including a wristwatch and examples of platinum hallmarks.